1
Student of level 4 Qiraat to skills and studies, Al-Mustafa international university
2
Assistant Professor, Al-Mustafa International University,Qom,Iran
Abstract
The topic of the foundations of recitation [qira’t] in exegesis is one of the important issues of the sciences of recitations [qira’at] and interpretation, which has been one of the concerns of scholars and specialists of both sciences for a long time ago. Before starting exegesis, the interpreters of the Holy Quran inevitably must also choose one or more bases in this regard and base their exegeses on it/them. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical using library resources/desk research. However, Sheikh Tusi considers recitations [qira’t] to be the prevalent recitations [qira’at]. Same like, he accepts the basic diversity of recitation [qira’t] in the Quran from the companions of the Holy Prophet (P); the seven reciters [qurra’] and other reciters. Based on the studying Sheikh Tusi's exegesis of Al-Tibyan [= Clarification] based on four criteria, he separates the valid recitations [qira’at] from the invalid ones. Sheikh Tusi accepts only those recitations [qira’at] that are compatible with the definite rules and principles of the Arabic language, syntax, and morphology, and recitations [qira’at] that are not compatible with these rules are rejected. So, he does not accept the irregular [shazz] recitation [qira’t]. Same as if a specific recitation [qira’t] forbidden by the authentic hadiths of Infallible Ones (A.S), it will undoubtedly be invalid and inaccurate and reading [tilawat] Quran on the base of such recitations [qira’at] is not permitted.
The Holy Quran, Translated by Muhammad Ali Rezaei Esfahani, Dar al-Dhikr Cultural Research Institute, Qom: 2004.
Al-Balaghi, Muhammad Jawad bin Hassan, Ala’ al-Rahman fi Tafsir al-Quran [The Divine Bounties in the Interpretation of Quran], Be’that, Tehran: 1420 AH.
Al-Banna’, Ahmad bin Muhammad Damiati, Ithaf Fuzala al-Bashar fi al-Qira’at al-Arba’ah Ashar [The Presentation of Noble Persons about the Fourteen Recitations], Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut: 1427 AH.
Al-Dosari, Abdullah bin Birji, Athar Ikhtilafat al-Qira’at fi al-Ahkam al-Fiqhiyyah [The Effect of Dispute of Recitations in Jurisprudential Percepts], Dar al-Huda al-Nabawi, Egypt: 1426 AH.
Al-Sabzavari, Mullah Hadi, Sharh Manzumah [Commentary on Manzumah], Prepared by Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli, Nab, Tehran: 1417 AH.
Al-Zarkashi, Muhammad bin Abdullah, Al-Burhan fi Ulum al-Quran [A Demonstration in Quranic Sciences], Researched by Yusuf Abd al-Rahman Mara’shli, Jamal Hamdi and Ibrahim Abdullah Kurdi, Dar Al-Ma’rifah, Beirut: 2nd Edition, 1410 AH.
Askari, Murtada, Al-Quran al-Karim wa Riwayat al-Madrasatayn [The Holy Quran and The Narrations of the Two Major Schools of Thought in Islam], Al-Majma’ al-Ilmi al-Islami, Tehran: 2nd Edition, 1416 AH.
Dehkhoda Ali Akbar, Lughat Nameh [The Dictionary], Dehkhuda Institute and Tehran University, Tehran: 1994.
Esfahani, Hossein bin Muhammad, Mufradat fi Alfaz al-Quran [Dictionary of Words of Quran], Murtadhavi Publications, Tehran: 1996.
Farahidi, Khalil bin Ahmad, Kitab al-’Ayn, Hijrat Publications, Qom: 2nd Edition, 1410 AH.
Ibn Faris, Abu al-Hossein Zakariyya, Mu’jam al-Maqais al-Lughah [An Analogical Templates of Language], Daftar Tablighat Islami [Islamic Preaching Centre], Qom: 1404 AH.
Ibn Jazari, Abu al-Khayr Muhammad bin Muhammad al-Dimishqi, Al-Nashr fi al-Qira’at al-Ashr [A Work on the Ten Recitations], Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut: N.d.
Ibn Mujahid, Abu Bakr Ahmad bin Musa, Al-Sab'ah fi al-Qira'at [The Seven Recitations], Researched by Dr. Shawqi Dheif, Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo: 1400 AH.
Kariminia, Murtada, “The Difference of Recitation [Qira’at] or Distortion of Quran; Glimpse at the Citing Shia Narrations in the Exegesis of Tiyban [= Clarification]”, Journal of Hadith Sciences, 11th Year, Serial No. 40, 2006.
Khoei, Seyyed Abu al-Qasim, Mu’jam al-Rija al-Hadith [Dictionary on the Science of Biographical Evaluation of Hadith], n.p., N.p.: 5th Edition, 1413 AH.
Ma’refat, Muhammad Hadi, Al-Tamhid fi ‘Ulum al-Quran [An Introduction to Quranic Sciences], Translated by Abu Muhammad Wakili, Title of Translation: Learning Quranic Sciences, Sazman Tablighat Islami [Islamic Preaching Organization], N.p.: 1995.
Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, Bihar al-Anwar [The Oceans of Lights], Muassasah al-Wafa’, Beirut: 1403 AH.
Rajabi, Mahmoud, The Method of Quranic Interpretation, Research Institute of Hawzeh [= Seminary] and University, Qom: 2004.
Tabari, Abu Ja’far Muhammad bin Jarir, Jame’ al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran [A Comprehensive Statement in the Exegesis of the Quran], Dar al-Ma’rifah, Beirut: 1412 AH.
Tabarsi, Abu Ali Fadhl bin Hassan, Jawami’ Al-Jami’ [The Abridgment of Comprehensive Exegesis], Translated by Ahmad Amiri Shadmehri, Islamic Researches Foundation, Mashhad: 1995.
____________________________, Majma' al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran [A Collection of Expressions Concerning the Interpretation of Quran], Edited by Abulhassan Sha’rani, Ketabfroshi Islamiyah [Islamic Books Publishing Centre and Bookshop], Tehran: n.d.
Tayyib, Seyyed Abd al-Hossein, Atyab al-Bayan fi Tafsri al-Qurna [The Best Statement in the Interpretation of Quran], Istishirat Islam [Islam Publications], Tehran: 3rd Edition, 1999.
Thanvi Farooqi, Muhammad Ali, Kashshaf Istilahat al-Funun [The Discovering of the Terms of Arts], Researched by Abd al-Badee’ Lutfi, Ministry of Culture, Cairo: 1963.
Tusi, Muhammad bin Hassan, Al-Tibyan fi Tafsir al-Quran [A Clarification Concerning the Interpretation of Quran], Dar al-Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, Beirut: n.d.
______________________, Manhaj al-Sheikh al-Tusi [The Method of Sheikh Tusi], Researched by Kasid Yasir al-Zaidi, Bayt al-Hikmah, Baghdad: 2004.
Zanjani, Abu Abdullah, Tarikh al-Quran [The History of Quran], Munazzamah al-A’lam al-Islami, Tehran: 1404 AH.
Shafi dar, M. and Amini Tehrani, M. (2021). The Foundations of Recitation [Qira’t] in Sheikh Tusi's Exegesis of Al-Tibyan [= Clarification]. Studies of Quran Reading, 9(16), 245-267.
MLA
Shafi dar, M. , and Amini Tehrani, M. . "The Foundations of Recitation [Qira’t] in Sheikh Tusi's Exegesis of Al-Tibyan [= Clarification]", Studies of Quran Reading, 9, 16, 2021, 245-267.
HARVARD
Shafi dar, M., Amini Tehrani, M. (2021). 'The Foundations of Recitation [Qira’t] in Sheikh Tusi's Exegesis of Al-Tibyan [= Clarification]', Studies of Quran Reading, 9(16), pp. 245-267.
CHICAGO
M. Shafi dar and M. Amini Tehrani, "The Foundations of Recitation [Qira’t] in Sheikh Tusi's Exegesis of Al-Tibyan [= Clarification]," Studies of Quran Reading, 9 16 (2021): 245-267,
VANCOUVER
Shafi dar, M., Amini Tehrani, M. The Foundations of Recitation [Qira’t] in Sheikh Tusi's Exegesis of Al-Tibyan [= Clarification]. Studies of Quran Reading, 2021; 9(16): 245-267.