The movement between the femininity and the masculinity of the verbs is a notable example of the differences between the seven reciters of the Quran, which occurred due to the lack of a dot in the Ottomani Mushaf. This type of difference is seen as a repeated pattern in the recitations of the seven reciters, and its syntactic origin is the permission to mention and feminize the verb due to the virtual femininity or being mukassar plural of the subject. In addition, sometimes the source of the dispute is the possibility of referring to the verb literally feminine or masculine in the context of the verse. The present article, while examining several examples of the movement between femininity and masculinity of verbs in the recitation of the seven reciters, reveals the reflection of syntactic teachings in the recitations of the Quran and reveals the relative tendency of Hamza and Kisai to the masculine form of the verb - unlike the other five reciters. Considering the historical influence of the recitation of Abdullah Ibn Mas’oud in the city of Kufa and his recommendation to recite the Quran with masculinity in the moving between Ta and Ya, it is probable that Hamza and Kisai were influenced by the pioneer of reciting the Kufis
Abolfutuh Razi, Hossein bin Ali, Rawdh al-Jinnan wa Ruh al-Janan, Islamic Research Foundation, Mashhad: 1987.
Abu Hayyan Andalusi, Muhammad bin Yusuf, Tafsir al-Bahr al-Muhit, Dar al-Kitab al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut: 2010.
Akhfash Awsat, Abul Hassan Saeed bin Mas’ada, Meanings of the Quran, Researched by Ibrahim Shamsuddin, Dar al-Kitab al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut: 2011.
Ali, Jawad, Detailed History of the Arabs Before Islam, n.p., N.p.: 1413.
Alusi, Shahab al-Din Mahmoud, Ruh al-Ma’ani fi Tafsir al-Quran al-Azeem wa al-Sab’ al-Mathani (The Spirit of Meanings in the Exegesis of Holy Quran and Surah al-Hamd), Dar Ihha al-Turath al-Arabi, Beirut: 1420.
Baquli, Nur al-Din Ali bin Hossein, Kashf al-Mushkilat wa Idhah al-Mu’dhlat fi I’rab al-Quran wa Ilal al-Qira’at (Discovering the Problems and Explaining the Dilemmas in the Pronouncing of the Quran and the Causes of Recitations), Dar al-Kitab al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut: 2011.
Damiati, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Banna’, Ithaf Fuzala al-Bashar fi al-Qira’at al-Arba’ah Ashar (The Presentation of Noble Persons about the Fourteen Recitations), Researched by Sha’ban Muhammad Ismail, Alam al-Kuutb, Beirut, 1407 AH.
Dani, Abu Amr Uthman bin Saeed, Al-Muhkam fi Nukat al-Mashif, Researched by Izzatg Hassan, Dar Al-Fikr, Damascus: 1418.
Dani, Abu Amr Uthman bin Saeed, Al-Tisir fi al-Qara’at al-Sab’, Edited by Otopretzel, Al-Ma’had al-Almani li al-Abhath al-Sharqiyyah (German Center for Oriental Studies), Beirut, 1430.
Fakhr Razi, Muhammad bin Umar, Al-Tafsir al-Kabir (Mafatih al-Ghayb), Dar al-Fikr, Beirut: 1425.
Farra, Yahya bin Ziad, The Meanings of the Quran, Researched by I’mad al-Din ibn Seyyed al-Darwish, Alam al-Kutub, Beirut: 1432.
Farsi, Abu Ali Hassan bin Abdul Ghaffar, Al-Hujjah li al-Qurra al-Sab’ah, Dar al-Ma’mun for Heritage, Damascus / Beirut: 1407.
Hazli, Abu al-Qasim Yusuf bin Ali, Al-Kamil fi al-Qira’at, Researched by Jamal bin al-Seyyed, Al-Sama’ Institute, N.p.: 1428.
Ibn Abi Maryam, Nasr ibn Ali bin Muhammad, Al-Kitab al-Muwaddah fi Wujuh al-Qira’at wa Ilaliha, Researched by Umar Hamdan Al-Kabisi, Al-Jama’ah al-Khairiyah bi Tahfiz al-Quran al-Karim, Jeddah: 1414.
Ibn Abi Shaybah, Abu Bakr Abdullah bin Muhammad, Al-Kitab al-Musannaf fi al-Ahadith wa al-Athar, Edited by Muhammad Abdul Salam Shahin, Dar al-Kitab al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut: 1426.
Ibn Jawzi, Abu al-Faraj Abdul Rahman bin Ali, Zad al-Masir fi Alam al-Tafsir, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, Beirut: 1431.
Ibn Khalawayh, Hossein bin Ahmad, I’rab al-Qira’at al-Sab’ wa Ilaliha, Dar al-Kitab al-Ilamiyyah, Beirut: 1427.
Ibn Mujahid, Al-Sab’ah fi al-Qara’at, Researched by Shawqi Zaif, Dar Al-Ma’arif, Cairo: 1972.
Ibn Nashur, Muhammad al-Tahir, al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir (The Clarification and Enlightenment), Muassasah al-Tarikh al-Arabi, Beirut: 1420.
Ibn Zanjaleh, Abu Zara’h Abd al-Rahman bin Muhammad, Hujjat al-Qira’at, Researched Saeed al-Afghani, al-Risalah Institute, Beirut: 1418.
Nahhas, Abu Ja’far Ahmad bin Muhammad, I’rab al-Quran, Dar wa Maktabh al-Hilal, Beirut: 2004.
Nasafi, Abu al-Barakat Abdullah bin Ahmad, Tafsir al-Nasfi: Madarik al-Tanzil wa Haqaiq al-Ta’wil (Evidences of Revelation and the Facts of Interpretation), Al-Maktabah al-Asriyyah, Beirut: 1430.
Qaisi, Maki bin Abi Talib, Al-Kashf an Wujuh al-Qira’at al-Sab’ wa Ilaliha wa Hujajiha (A Discovery of the Aspects of the Seven Recitations and Their Reasons and Arguments), Kitab Nashiroon, Beirut: 1432.
Qurtubi, Muhammad bin Ahmad Ansari, Al-Jame’ li Ahkam al-Quran (A Comprehensive Work on Quranic Rules), Al-Maktabah al-Asriyyah, Beirut: 1430.
Shahabi, Ali Akbar, Usul al-Sarf (The Principles of Morphology), University of Tehran Press, Tehran: 1994.
Shertouni, Rashid, Principles of Arabic Grammar, Revised by Hamid Muhammadi, Dar al-Alam Publishing Institute, Qom: 1422.
Shokani, Muhammad bin Ali, Fath al-Qadir, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, Beirut: 1430.
Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir, Tafsir of al-Tabari: Jame; al-Bayan an Ta’wil Ayah al-Quran (A Comprehensive Statement on the Interpretation of the Quran), Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, Beirut: n.d.
Tabarsi, Fadhl bin Hassan, Majma’ al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran (The Confluence of Expressions in the Exegesis of Quran), Noor Wahy Publications, Qom: 2009.
U’kabbari, Abu al-Baqa Abdullah bin Hossein, Ilma’ ma Manna bihi al-Rahman, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiya, Beirut: 1421.
Zajjaj, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al-Sari, The Meanings of the Quran and the Pronunciations, Edited by Irfan Ibn Saleem, Al-Muktabah al-Asriyyah, Beirut: 1427.
Zamakhshari, Mahmoud bin Umar, Al-Kashshaf an Haqaiq Ghawamid al-Tanzil (Discovering the Realities of the Ambiguities of the Revelation), Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, Beirut, 1429 AH.
NAJAFI, R. (2022). The Moment between Femininity or Masculinity of Verbs in the Recitations (Qira’at) of the Seven Reciters. Studies of Quran Reading, 9(17), 261-285. doi: 10.22034/qer.2022.6558
MLA
NAJAFI, R. . "The Moment between Femininity or Masculinity of Verbs in the Recitations (Qira’at) of the Seven Reciters", Studies of Quran Reading, 9, 17, 2022, 261-285. doi: 10.22034/qer.2022.6558
HARVARD
NAJAFI, R. (2022). 'The Moment between Femininity or Masculinity of Verbs in the Recitations (Qira’at) of the Seven Reciters', Studies of Quran Reading, 9(17), pp. 261-285. doi: 10.22034/qer.2022.6558
CHICAGO
R. NAJAFI, "The Moment between Femininity or Masculinity of Verbs in the Recitations (Qira’at) of the Seven Reciters," Studies of Quran Reading, 9 17 (2022): 261-285, doi: 10.22034/qer.2022.6558
VANCOUVER
NAJAFI, R. The Moment between Femininity or Masculinity of Verbs in the Recitations (Qira’at) of the Seven Reciters. Studies of Quran Reading, 2022; 9(17): 261-285. doi: 10.22034/qer.2022.6558