The Impact of Arabic Dialects on the Seven Recitations (Qira’at) with Emphasis on Surah Yasin

Document Type : Scientific Article Promotion

Authors

Associate Professor, Department of Quranic and Hadith Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; (eeghbal@ut.ac.ir).

Abstract

The science of Quranic Recitations (Qira’at) is responsible for studying and investigating the differences in the pronunciation and recitation (Qira’at) of Quranic words. In this regard, there are narrations in Sunni sources referring to the “seven dialects” that have led some to consider these differences in recitation (Qira’at) as divinely ordained. While Shiite scholars, based on authentic narrations from the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), oppose this view and assert that the Quran was revealed in a single dialect, Sunni scholars have provided about ten interpretations for these narrations, among which the permissibility of reciting in the dialects of Arab tribes has received more attention. This view weakens the theory of divinely ordained differences in Quranic recitations (Qira’at) and supports the opinion of Shiite scholars regarding the Quran being revealed in a single recitation (Qira’at). The aim of this research, conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources, is to provide evidence that strengthens this theory by examining the influence of the dialects of Arab tribes on the recitations (Qira’at) of the seven Quranic reciters (Qurra’ Sab’ah) in Surah Yasin. The results of this research may align with the views of those who consider the differences in Quranic recitations (Qira’at) as non-divine, and furthermore extent of this influence on the variations in the recitations (Qira’at) of the seven reciters..

Keywords

References

  1. Quran Karim (The Holy Quran).
  2. Abd, Ferial Zakaria, Al-Mizan fi Ahkam Tajweed al-Quran (The Scale in the Rules of Quranic Tajweed), Alexandria: Dar al-Iman, 2010 CE (1431 AH).
  3. Anis, Ibrahim, Fi al-Lahjat al-Arabiyyah (On Arabic Dialects), Egypt: Maktabah Anglo-Misriyyah, 8th Edition, 1992 CE.
  4. Ashouri, Hossein, “Ketabshenasi-ye Qira’at-e Quran (A Bibliography of Quranic Recitations)”, Pazhuhesh-ha-ye Qurani (Quranic Research Journal), Numbers 17 and 18, 1378 SH (1999 CE).
  5. Baihaqi, Ahmad bin Hossein bin Ali bin Musa al-Khorasani, Shu’ab al-Iman (Branches of Faith), Riyadh: Maktabah al-Rushd li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi’, 1423 AH (2002 CE).
  6. Bukhari, Mohammad bin Ismail, Sahih al-Bukhari, Edited by Mohammad Zuhair bin Naser al-Naser, N.p., Dar Tuq al-Najah, 1422 AH (2001 CE).
  7. Bustani, Qasem, Lahjat-haye Arabi dar Qara’at-haye Quran (Arabic Dialects in Quranic Recitations), Sahefe-ye Mobin, Number 39, pp 78-96, 1386 SH (2007 CE).
  8. Damyati, Shihab al-Din, Ithaf Fudala al-Bashar fi al-Qira'at al-Arba'a Ashar (The Honoring of Outstanding Individuals in the Fourteen Qira'at), Revised by Anas Mahra, Lebanon: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1427 AH (2006 CE).
  9. Farahidi, Khalil bin Ahmad, Al-'Ain (The Lexicon), Qom: Library of the Seminary School, 1410 AH (1989 CE).
  10. Fazli, Abdul Hadi, Al-Qira'at al-Qur'aniyah: Tarikh wa Ta'rif (Quranic Recitations: History and Definition), Beirut: Al-Ghadir Center for Studies, Publishing, and Distribution, 4th Edition, 1430 AH (2009 CE).
  11. Ferguson, Charles Albert, 1971, Absence of Copule and the Notion of Simplicity, A Study of Normal Speech. Foreigner Talk and Pidgins: Baby Talk.
  12. Hilli, Sheikh Jamal al-Din Hassan bin Yusuf bin Ali bin Motahhar, Tadhkirat al-Fuqaha (Biographies of the Jurists), Qom: Mo’assasah al-Alul Bayt (A.S.) li Ihya al-Turath, 1414 AH (1993 CE).
  13. Hojjati, Mohammad Baqer, Pazhuheshi dar Tarikh-e Quran-e Karim (A Research on the History of the Quran), Tehran: Dafatir-e Nashr-e Farhang-e Islami, 1372 SH (1993 CE).
  14. Ibn Abi Dawood Sijistani, Abu Bakr, Kitab al-Masahif (The Book of Manuscripts of Quran), Cairo: Al-Faruq Al-Haditha for Printing and Publishing, 1423 AH (2002 CE).
  15. Ibn Faris, Ahmad bin Faris bin Zakariya, Mu’jam Muqayyis al-Lughah (The Dictionary of Language Metrics), Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1404 AH (1984 CE).
  16. Ibn Jazari, Mohammad bin Mohammad bin Yusuf Haman, Munjid al-Muqri’in wa Murshid al-Talibin (The Beacon of Reciters and Guide of Seekers), Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1420 AH (1999 CE).
  17. Ibn Jazari, Mohammad bin Mohammad bin Yusuf, Al-Nashr fi al-Qira’at al-’Ashr (A Work in the Ten Recitations), Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah, 1415 AH (1994 CE).
  18. Ibn Jazari, Mohammad bin Mohammad bin Yusuf, Tahbir al-Taysir fi al-Qira’at al-’Ashr (A Work on the Ten Recitations Made Easy), Edited by Ahmad Mohammad Muflih al-Qudah, Oman: Dar al-Furqan, 1421 AH (2000 CE).
  19. Ibn Sallam, Abu ‘Ubaid Qasim, Lughat al-Qaba’il al-Waridah fi al-Quran al-Karim (Dialects of the Tribes Mentioned in the Holy Quran),p., n.p., 2010 CE.
  20. Ibn Siraj, Mohammad, Al-Usul fi al-Nahw (Principles of Grammar), Edited by Abdul Hossein Fatli, Beirut: n.p., 1405 AH (1985 CE).
  21. Kalantari, Ibrahim, “A’wamil Ikhtilaf Qia’at Quran Karim (Factors of Differences in the Recitations of the Holy Quran)”, Bayanat (Institute of Islamic Studies of Imam Reza), Issue 17, 1377 SH (1998 CE).
  22. Khoei, Sayyid Abul Qasim Musavi, Al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran (The Elucidation in Quranic Exegesis), Qom: The Revival of Imam Khoei’s Works Institute, 1386 SH (2007 CE).
  23. Khoei, Sayyid Abul Qasim, Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith wa Tafsil Tabqat al-Ruwat (Dictionary of the Hadith Narrators and Detailed Classification of Narrators),p., n.p., 1413 AH (1992 CE).
  24. Khaledi, Ahmad; Majid Ma’aref; Mohammad Ali Ayazi; Mehdi Mehrezee, "Ta’ammuli bar Gustaraye Atharguzari Lahjeha, Tanawwu’ Sawti wa Tanghim dar Tawseye’ Qira’at Qariyan wa Khawanish Matn (A Reflection on the Influence of Accents, Vocal Diversity, and Intonation on the Development of Quran Recitation and Text Reading)", Quranic Recitation Studies, Volume 10, Issue 18, Pages 31-60, 1401 SH (2022 CE).
  25. Kohan Tarabi, Meysam, "Barresi Kafiyyat Qira’at Hamze dar Qira’at Mansub be Ahl Bayt (A.S.) (A Study on the Quality of Hamzah Recitation in Recitations Attributed to the Ahl al-Bayt (AS))", Quranic Recitation Studies, Volume 8, Issue 15, Pages 9-30, 1399 SH (2020 CE).
  26.  
  27. Kulayni, Abu Ja'far Mohammad bin Ya'qub bin Ishaq al-Razi, Al-Kafi, Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah, 1367 SH (1988 CE).
  28. Ma’rifat, Mohammad Hadi, Al-’Ulum al-Quraniyah (Quranic Sciences), Qom: Al-Tamhid Cultural Center, 1396 SH (2017 CE).
  29. Ma’rifat, Mohammad Hadi, Al-Tamhid fi ‘Ulum Al-Quran (Introduction to Quranic Sciences), Qom: Al-Tamhid Cultural Center, 1428 AH (2007 CE).
  30. Majlisi, Mohammad Baqir, Bihar Al-Anwar Al-Jami’ah li-Durar Akhbar Al-A’imma Al-Athar (The Comprehensive Seas of Narrations of the Immaculate Imams), Beirut: Al-Wafa Foundation, 1403 AH (1982 CE).
  31. Mohaisen, Mohammad Salim, Al-Muhadhdhab fi Qira’at Al-’Ashr wa Tawjihaha (The Refined in the Ten Quranic Recitations and Their Justification), Cairo, n.p.: 1970 CE.
  32. Muslim bin Hajjaj Abu al-Hassan al-Qushayri, Al-Musnad al-Sahih al-Mukhtasar bi Naql al-Adl ‘an al-Adl Ila Rasool Allah (SAW) (The Authentic and Condensed Musnad with the Chains of Just Narrators to the Messenger of Allah), Edited by Mohammad Fuad Abdul Baqi, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-Arabi, 1426 AH (2005 CE).
  33. Parchebaf, Karim; Hajati, Seyyed Mohammad Baqer; Ayazi, Seyyed Mohammad Ali, “Tahlil va Barresi-ye Taqsimbandihaye Eraye-shodeh dar Qara’at-e Quran-e Karim (Analysis and Study of Classifications Presented in Quranic Recitations)”, Pazhuhesh-ha-ye Quran va Hadith (Quran and Hadith Research Journal), Volume 45, Number 2, 1391 SH (2012 CE).
  34. Rajeh, Sheikh Mohammad Karim, Al-Qira'at al-Ashr al-Mutawatirah min Tariq al-Shatibiyyah wa al-Durrah fi Hamish al-Quran al-Karim (The Ten Continuously Transmitted Qira'at through the Shatibiyyah and Durrah Chains in the Margins of the Noble Quran), Publisher: Dar al-Sahaba for Heritage, Tanta: 1414 AH (1994 CE).
  35. Robert Henry Robins, 1964, General Linguistics: An Introductory Survey. London: Longman.
  36. Sarraf, Mustafa, Al-Jadid fi 'Ilm al-Tajweed (The Modern Trends in the Science of Tajweed), Karbala: Maktabat al-'Allamah Ibn Fahd al-Hilli, 1428 AH (2007 CE).
  37. Sha'ban, Mohammad Isma'il, Rasm al-Mus'haf wa Dabtuhu Bayn al-Tawqif wa al-Istilahat al-Hadithah (The Manuscript Format and Editing Between Tradition and Modern Terminologies),p., Dar al-Salam for Printing and Publishing, 1433 AH (2012 CE).
  38. Shaheed al-Awwal, Mohammad bin Makki, Dhikra al-Shi'a fi Ahkam al-Shari'ah (The Theories of the Shi'a in the Rules of Shari'ah), Qom: Ahlul Bayt (A.S.) Institute, 1419 AH (1998 CE).
  39. Sibawayh, Amru, Al-Kitab (The Books), Edited by Abdul Salam Mohammad Harun, Beirut: n.p., 1403 AH (1983 CE).
  40. Suleiman Yaqut, Mahmoud, Fiqh al-Lughah wa 'Ilm al-Lughah Nusus wa Dirasat (Philology and Lingguistics: Texts and Studies),p., Dar al-Ma'arifah al-Jami'iyah, 2000 CE (1421 AH).
  41. Suyuti, Jalal al-Din, Al-Itqan fi 'Ulum al-Quran (The Perfection in the Sciences of the Quran), Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, 1394 AH (1974 CE).
  42. Taha Hossein, Fi al-Adab al-Jahili (On Pre-Islamic Literature), Cairo: Matba'ah Farouk Mohammad Abd al-Rahman Mohammad, 1933 CE (1352 AH).
  43. Ya’qub, Emile Badee’, Mawsu’at al-Nahw wa al-Sarf wa al-I’rab (The Encyclopedia of Grammar, Morphology, and Syntax), Translated by Qasim Bostani, Mohammad Reza Yousefi, N.p.: Dar al-I’tisam Publications, 1420 AH (1999 CE).
  44. Zarkashi, Badr al-Din, Al-Burhan fi Ulum al-Quran (The Proof in the Quranic Sciences), Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Kutub al-Arabiyyah, 1376 AH (1996 CE).
Studies of Quran Reading
Volume 11, Issue 20 - Serial Number 20
September 2023
Pages 285-304

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 23 August 2021
  • Revise Date: 20 February 2022
  • Accept Date: 15 May 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics