Evaluating the Authenticity of Non-Canonical Readings in Sūrat al-Tīn: A Case Study in the Hadiths Interpreting Variant Qirāʾāt

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Corresponding Author, Assistant Professor, Al-Mustafa International University, Imam Khomeini Higher Education Complex, School of Tafsīr.

2 Graduate of Level 4 (Advanced Seminary) in Comparative Tafsīr, Al-Maʿṣūmiyyah Higher Education Institute for Women

3 3. Level 4 Seminary Student in Comparative Tafsīr, Al-Maʿṣūmiyyah Higher Education Institute for Women.

Abstract

 Objective: This study aims to examine the authenticity of narrations referring to non-canonical Qur’ānic readings in Sūrat al-Tīn. The significance lies in the fact that certain narrations from the Ahl al-Bayt (a) present variant readings, accompanied by the phrase “hakadhā nuzilat” (“thus it was revealed”), raising questions about their isnād reliability, content validity, and their relation to the canonical readings.
Method: The research adopts a scriptural-hermeneutical approach, relying on library-based and documentary methods for data collection. The narrations are analyzed using a descriptive–analytical framework, focusing on both their transmission (isnād) and textual (matn) aspects.
Results: The findings reveal that some narrations are musnad (connected) while others are maqṭūʿ (disconnected). The reliability of the transmitters is debated, with some considered trustworthy and others weakened due to alleged exaggeration in transmitting the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt. Nevertheless, their transmission in reputable sources strengthens confidence in their authenticity. Textual analysis shows that the reading Ṭūr Sīnāʾ is synonymous with the canonical Ṭūr Sīnīn, the difference being merely linguistic (Greek, Syriac, or Hebrew variants). Similarly, the reading fa-man yukadhdhibuka instead of fa-mā yukadhdhibuka (v. 7) reflects an interpretive dimension, possibly referring to deniers of wilāyah or the Hereafter. Thus, the Imams’ use of “hakadhā nuzilat” indicates exegetical clarification rather than rejection of the canonical reading.
Conclusions: The analysis demonstrates that the non-canonical readings cited in narrations concerning Sūrat al-Tīn function primarily as exegetical interpretations rather than alternatives to the canonical text. These readings highlight the role of the Ahl al-Bayt as the authentic exegetes of the Qur’ān. Careful isnād and content evaluation of such narrations enriches both exegetical and theological understanding of the Qur’ān. 

Keywords

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  • Receive Date: 15 March 2025
  • Revise Date: 11 April 2025
  • Accept Date: 25 April 2025

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