The Critique of Orientalist’ Quranic Doubts in the field of recitations

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Quranic Comparative Studies of Al-Mustafa International University Qom (Corresponding Author): dr.riahi@chmail.ir

2 Assistant Professor and Faculty Member of Al-Mustafa International Universit shirafkan43@gmail.com

Abstract

The science of recitation is one of the Quranic sciences that has a great role in understanding the Quran and differences in recitations will be effective in receiving different meanings of the Quran. Due to the importance and relationship between the issue of differences in recitations and the change and distortion of the words of the Quran, Orientalists have Researched and raised doubts in this regard. The present article uses a descriptive-analytical method and a critical approach to the doubts of famous Orientalists such as: Noldeke (1930), Richard Bell (1876) and Arthur Jeffrey (1982) in the field of recitations, analyzes and critiques them. It seems that what forms the intellectual basis of this group of Orientalists, in the first place, is the long-standing obstinacy of the West towards Muslims, which can be seen in their Quranic Research approach, and the second aspect is the lack of attention to the principles of Research. And it can be clearly understood that the purpose of Orientalists in such Research was not and is not the understanding Islam and the Quran. Orientalists’ Research on the issue of Quranic recitations, whether in terms of Research method, lack of study of Imamia sources and lack of full knowledge of the issue of differences in recitations, are among the unacceptable shortcomings a of Orientalists. Unlike Orientalists, Imamia scholars have never addressed the issue of distorting the Quran in favor of the Shiite sect, and claim that this is the definitive acceptance of the Ottoman Mushaf from the beginning of its formation until today. The Supreme Leader has a special emphasis on the specialized way of reciting the Holy Quran, and in various statements, his meticulousness is clearly seen. He gives the correct recitation as a prelude to understanding and acquiring Quranic knowledge, and on the way of reciting the Holy Quran, he deals with issues such as: repetition of verses and words, how to disconnect and connect the utterance of words, and “short and long breath” and explained it for the reciters and emphasized the necessity of correct recitation and the preliminaries of recitation.

Keywords

References

  1. The Holy Quran, Translated by Muhammad Ali Rezaei Isfahani and A Group of Professors of Al-Mustafa University, Al-Mustafa International Publications, Qom: 2nd Edition, 2009.
  2. Abdul Ghani al-Qazi, Abdul Fattah, Recitations in the View of the Orientalists and the Atheists, Maktabah al-Dar, Medina: n.d.
  3. Abdul Mardhi Amir, Rajab, The Oriental View on the Seven Letters and the Seven Recitations, Oriental Meeting, Riyadh: 2006.
  4. Abdullah Daraz, Muhammad, Preface to the Holy Quran, Translated into Arabic by Muhammad Abdul Azim Ali, Center for the Study of the United Arab Emirates, Beirut: 2nd Edition, 2006.
  5. Al-Damiati, Shahab al-Din, Ithaf Fuzala al-Bashar (The Presentation of Noble Person), Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Lebanon, 1427.
  6. Ali al-Saghir, Muhammad Hossein, Orientalists and Quranic Researches, Translated by Sadiq Shari’at, Amir Publishing, Qom: 1993.
  7. Balaghi Muhammad Jawad, Alaa’ al-Rahman fi Tafsir al-Quran, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, Beirut, n.d.
  8. Barbour, Ian, Science and Religion, Translated by Bahauddin Khorramshahi, Markaz Nashr Danishgahi (IUP) [Institute of University Press], Tehran: 9th Edition, 2015.
  9. Bell, Richard, An Introduction to the History of the Quran, Revised by William Montgomery Watt, Translated by Bahauddin Khorramshahi, Center for the Translation of the Quran into Foreign Languages, Tehran: 2003.
  10. Eskandarloo, Muhammad Javad, A Study of the Orientalists’ Approach to the “Seven Letters”, Mustafa Ahmadifar, Journal of Orientalists’ Quranic Studies of, Volume 5, Number 9, 2010.
  11. Farahani, Fakhirah, Critique of Orientalists’ Views on the Differences in the Recitations of the Holy Quran, Master Thesis in Quranic Sciences, Jame’ University of Holy Quran Sciences and Education, 2010.
  12. Farahidi, Khalil bin Ahmad, Kitab al-Ayn, Hijrat Publishing, Qom: 2nd Edition, 1409 AH.
  13. Fazli, Abdul Hadi, An Introduction to the History of the Recitation of the Holy Quran, Translated by Seyyed Muhammad Baqir Hujjati, Muslih Publications, Qom: 1999.
  14. Hamza, Fathullah, Al-Mawahib al-Fahthiyyah fi Ulum al-Lughah al-Arabiyyah, Al-Amiriyyah Publishing, Cairo: 1313 AH.
  15. Hosseini, Seyyed Hassan, Noldeke’s Views on Calligraphy and Recitation of the Quran and Its Critique, Master’s Thesis in Quran and Hadith, Al-Mustafa International University, 2008.
  16. Ibn al-Jazari, Shams al-Din, Al-Munjid al-Muqri’een (The Upholstered for the Reciters), Cairo, Maktab al-Qudsi, 1989.
  17. Ibn Manzur, Muhammad bin Mukarram, Lisan al-Arab (Language of the Arabs), Vol. I, Institute of Arab History, Beirut: 1416 AH.
  18. Information Center of the Office of the Supreme Leader, https://farsi.khamenei.ir/
  19. Jaba’i Amili, Zayn al-Dinah, (Shahid Thani), Manyah al-Murid (The Desir of Disciple), Markaz al-I’lam al-Islami Publications, Beirut, 1409.
  20. Jazari, Ibn Athir, Mubarak bin Muhammad, Al-Nihaya fi Gharib al-Hadith wa al-Ather (The End in the Strange Hadith and the Narration), , Ismailian Press Institute, Qom, 1st Edition, n.d.
  21. Jeffrey, Arthur, Introduction to the Masahif of for Ibn Abi Davood, Translated by Abdolhossein Hooshmand, University of Tehran, 1995.
  22. Jeffrey, Arthur, Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran, Leiden, E.J. Brill: 1937.
  23. Ma’refat, Muhammad Hadi, Talkhis al-Tamhid (Summary of Introduction), Dar al-Mizan, Beirut: 1412.
  24. Noldeke, Theodore, History of the Quran, Translated by George Tamer, Dar Nashr, George Elmer, New York: n.d.
  25. Qurtubi, Muhammad bin Ahmad, Al-Jami’ li Ahkam al-Quran (A Collection of Rules of the Quran) (Qurtubi’s Exegesis), Naser Khosrow, Tehran: 1985.
  26. Raghib Isfahani Hossein bin Muhammad. Mufradat (Glossary), Dar al-Ma’rifah Publications, Beirut, 2nd Edition,1404.
  27. Salim Abdul A’al, Ismail, Orientalists and the Quran, Rabitah al-Alam al-Islami, Saudi Arabia: 1410 AH.
  28. Salim al-Hajj, A Critique of Oriental Lecture:, Oriental Phenomena and Its Effects on Islamic Studies, Al-Orientalism Publishing, Beirut: 2010
  29. Sari, Abdullah Ismail, Two Introductions to the Sciences of the Quran, Published by Dr. Arthur Jeffrey, Cairo: 1392.
  30. Shahin, Abdul Sabbur, History of the Quran, Al-Nahdhah al-Misriyyah for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Egypt: 2005
  31. Suyuti, Jalaluddin, Al-Itqan fi Uloom al-Quran (A Perfect Guidance to Quranic Sciences), Researched by Saeed al-Mandoob, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut: 1416 AH.
  32. Tabarsi, Fadhl Ibn Hassan, Majma’ al-Bayan (The Confluence of Expressions), Dar al-Ma’rifah, Beirut: 1406.
  33. Tabatabai, Seyyed Muhammad Hossein, Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Islamic Publications Office Affiliated to the Society of Teachers of the Seminary of Qom, Qom: 1417 AH.
  34. Zamakhshari, Mahmoud, Al-Kashshaf an Haqaiq Ghawamid al-Tanzil (Discovering the Realities of the Ambiguities of the Revelation), Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, Beirut: 3rd Edition, 401407 AH
  35. Zamani, Muhammad Hassan, Quran and Orientalists, Bustan e Ketab, Qom: 2016.
  36. Zarkashi, Muhammad bin Abdullah, Al-Burhan fi Uloom al-Quran (A Demonstration in Quranic Sciences), Researched by Muhammad Abul-Fazl Ibrahim, Dar Ihya al-Kutub al-Arabiyyah Press, Beirut: 1997.
  37. Zarqani, Muhammad bin Abd al-Baqi, Volume: 4, Maktabah al-Thaqafah al-Diniyyah, Cairo, Egypt: 1424.
Studies of Quran Reading
Volume 9, Issue 17
February 2022
Pages 180-207

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 05 July 2021
  • Revise Date: 09 October 2021
  • Accept Date: 08 November 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics